Reaction Paper Cognitive Development Theories Essay

Cassidy Denk 11/29/16 Sociology Reaction Paper: Cognitive Development Theories This key term found in chapter 5 of the Sociology textbook is defined as the four stages of intellectual development for children. Each shift in development marks a change in how a child views and understands the world. The first of the four stages of cognitive development is known as the sensorimotor stage. This stage takes place from birth to age 2. The second stage of cognitive development is the preoperational stage taking place from age 2 to about age 7. The third stage is known as the concrete operational stage taking place from age 7 to 11. The last of the four stages is known as the formal operational stage which begins in adolescence and continues into adulthood. The discoverer of cognitive development theory was a Swiss psychologist named Jean Piaget. Piaget received a doctoral degree at the University of Neuchatel at age 22 in natural history. After deciding a partnership with Carl Jung, Theodore Simon, and Alfred Binet, Piage t was offered a position to oversee intelligence tests developed by Binet and Simon. From there, Piaget developed an interest in mental development of children. Based on his observations, he concluded that children were, â€Å"not less intelligent than adults but simply think differently.†. Albert Einstein actually commented on this conclusion saying, â€Å"so simple only a genius could have thought of it.† Piaget’s stage theory describes the cognitive development ofShow MoreRelatedRacism1204 Words   |  5 Pages1. What was my overall reaction to the assigned reading? I really enjoyed this reading in Chapter 9. I related this reading to the work I do in my field practicum as it relates to the cognitive and moral development of human beings and human behaviors. As you already know, I work for Stella Maris, a drug and alcohol treatment facility. We talk a lot about cognitive development and the concerns we have with our clients as it relates to their disease of addiction. We need to know what changes in intellectualRead MoreCognitvie Development1150 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Development in Children Elteen Herman Sinte Gleska University PY 100 General Psychology Haelee Engel December 12, 2012 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Cognitive Development What is Cognitive Development? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Piaget’s Theory on Learning †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. How Cognitive learning can differ through cultures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Cognitive Teaching Identifying children who may have a learning disability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ What parents and teacherRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development895 Words   |  4 Pageshis theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget used his own life as well of the lives of his own children to develop this theory. He believed that the thought process between children and adults were different and thus that began the process of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who was born on August 9, 1986. He is one of the most influential figures in the history of psychology. At the age 11, he had already started his career as a researcher by writing a paper onRead MoreJean Piaget And His Theory On Cognitive Development1601 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget and His Theory on Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is one of the most influential theorists in cognitive development and he argues that children pass through the same sequence of stages when it comes to this developmental domain. This paper will begin with a general overview of Jean Piaget’s beliefs when it comes to children’s cognitive development and the basics of his four stages. Next, an in depth look will be taken at each of the stages followed by defining the Piagetian ideasRead MoreJean Piaget s Influence On Children1170 Words   |  5 Pagesa PhD from the University of Neuchatel with an interest in human organisms and the mechanisms that created scientific bodies of knowledge (Good, Mellon, Kromhout, 1978, p. 688). He began to study child development and through observation of his children and other children, he began to form a theory that focuses on the mental structures created to help children adapt to the world. Piaget felt that in order to help children adapt they use schemas. These schemas we re used by children to understand andRead MoreCognitive, Social And Personality Changes1011 Words   |  5 Pagespersistent personal characteristics that are revealed in a particular pattern of behavior in different situation are known as personality. This paper will explore the cognitive, social and personality changes that occur when a person is 24 years old. One of the major issues in cognitive development has been â€Å"nature and nurture†, i.e. if cognitive development is mainly determined by an individual’s innate qualities (â€Å"nature†), or by their personal experiences (â€Å"nurture†). First, the age is characterizedRead MoreDevelopmental Theories Essay816 Words   |  4 PagesReaction Paper Number One Theories of Development There are many types of developmental theories. First being the Psychoanalytic Theory, and the Cognitive Theory. Within these two types of theories there are several psychologists that have their own theory of development. After exploring these different theories I will then share my opinion on which theory I believe to be more accurate. By definition the Psychoanalytic Theory describes development as a primarily unconscious and heavily coloredRead MoreSocial Information Processing And Hostile Attribution Bias Theory Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesProcessing and Hostile Attribution Bias Theory Tiffany L. Williams Post University Abstract This paper looks to examine several sources of research related to the development of aggressive behaviors, and criminality. The purpose of this is to assess several of the factors associated with aggression and criminal behaviors. The paper will focus on Crick and Dodge’s model of Social Information Processing, with specific emphasis on Hostile Attribution Bias theory. In exploring this, there will also beRead MoreJose Chavez s Theory Of Psychosocial Development1734 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom El Paso, Texas. The paper will provide a brief depiction of Jose and his family, in order to better understand him and some of the complications that he and his family have encountered. In addition to his personal history, this paper will include the application of concepts and specific theories that expand the understanding of Jose Chavez’s development. The concepts and theories applied, include; Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, the Marxist theory of soc ial conflict, JeanRead MoreReflection Paper On Self Awareness1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe IAT self-awareness reflection paper will discuss personal reactions to the results of the exercise. It will also reflect on personal development towards being culturally competent counselor and the areas of growth. In addition, the paper will identify certain techniques to improvise counseling with LGBTQI+ clients. Reactions: My result of the IAT self-awareness test showed slight preference towards the straight people over gay people. Although the test results showed slight preference towards

Sex Offenders - 1410 Words

Introduction Treatment providers recognized that sex offenders evidenced had a high prevalence of cognitive distortions, or thought processes that allowed the offenders to neutralize their feelings of guilt and shame (Abel, 1989). No matter what setting that cognitive therapy is used in, its purpose is to focus on the way an individual thinks and to change any type of â€Å"thinking errors†. For our purposes, cognitive treatment is used in the correctional and community setting to help offenders think rationally and responsibly before they act. Sexual offending can vary along a broad spectrum of behaviors, from non-contact offences such as exhibitionism to contact offenses such as rape. Much of the research on the nature of sexual offending†¦show more content†¦Participants Participants will include all male child molesters or sex offenders held in the Duval County Jail in Jacksonville, FL. Participants will have to be male, 18 years of age or older, and method of offending along with the nature of victim selection is adequately defined as belonging to one of the following categories: child molesters, female victims: men who molested at most two female children in a situational context and child molesters, male victims: men who molested at most one male child. Dependent Measure Participants will answer the Clarke Sex History Questionnaire for Males-Revised to measure if the treatment worked. Questionnaire consists of 508-item self-report used to check a wide array of usual and abnormal sexual behaviors in an adult male population. Questionnaire can be located by Langevin, Ron; Paitch, Dan. 1999-2002. Yearbook: 16. Experimental Groups The group of child molesters will be randomly assigned to different groups. Therapy group members will receive cognitive treatment in a group setting, three days a week for a full hour for six months. Group members will also receive individual therapy on a weekly basis for hour sessions for six months. Therapy, group setting and individual setting, will focus on understanding their offending, improving empathy with the victim, managing negative moods,Show MoreRelatedSex Is A Sex Offender Or Not?1167 Words   |  5 PagesMost sex offeneders are male. Aileen Wuronos is one serial killer the residents of Florida have look to in both horror and fascination since it first happened. The question proposed is whether or not Aileen Wuronos is considered a sex offender or not. At first I didn’t believe she should be considered a sex offender, but after doing more reading on her cases and her as a person I changed my mind and believe that she is in fact one of the few female sex offenders. I thik she is just a cold bloodedRead MoreSex Offenders And Sexual Offenders1404 Words   |  6 Pages They can be your next door neighbor, someone down the street, or even a stranger behind you in line at the shopping center. Sex offenders are out there. They do not wear a label on them that says, â€Å"I am a registered sex offender†. They are required to register on the sex offender registry list as well as inform neighbors, put it on job applications, live a certain distance away from any zone which contain children, and follow severa l other places they are forbidden to go as part of their releaseRead MoreSexual Offenders And Sex Offenders1567 Words   |  7 PagesStates, failure to adequately discriminate between and among sex offenses and the overuse of the label â€Å"sex offense† has led to the polarization and over criminalization of sex crimes and has resulted in a lack of reintegration options for these alleged criminals. The term â€Å"sex offender† needs to be reserved for those individuals who best represent the meaning of the term. (Colbert, 2011, p. 1) According to US Department of Justice, a sex offender is anyone convicted of an offense of a sexual nature underRead MoreSexual Offenders And Sex Offenders1842 Words   |  8 Pagespopulation I do want to work with. After long thought, I decided I do not want to work with sex offenders, I’d rather work with children and perhaps that is where I get my bias against sex offenders or perhaps it stems from other reasons. Through my re search, I am hoping to discover new information about sex offenders that may change my opinion and help me to see them in a new light. When I think of a sex offender what automatically comes to my mind is a creepy middle aged white man who lives in closeRead MoreRehabilitation of Sex Offenders1113 Words   |  5 Pageschild. According to Becerra-Garcà ­a, Garcà ­a-Leà ³n and Egan (2012), sex offenders are twice as likely to report being sexually, emotionally, or physically abused as a child in comparison to other offenders. There are also other factors besides abuse that must be taken into consideration. A recent study on female sex offenders by Roe-Sepowitz and Krysik (2008) states, â€Å"the data reveal that many of the 118 female juvenile sex offenders came from chaotic and disorganized families and had poor parentalRead MoreSexual Offenders And Sex Offenders1528 Words   |  7 Pagestheir time in prison for their crimes, many sex offenders are sent to mental hospitals against their will, where they can be kept for undetermined amounts of time, even in some cases indefinitely. Some people see this as a gran d solution to the problem of having sex offenders in the community. Other see it as unethical, and a violation of human rights. Sex offences committed against children are one of the most deplorable crimes one can commit, and sex offenders, especially child molesters are generallyRead MoreSex Offender Registry2935 Words   |  12 Pagesperson that can be place on the National Sex Offender Registry is age 6. Yes, a kindergarten and be found to be a sexual predator as society puts it. Individuals on the registry are all treated equal by the public no matter the details of their actual crime. Even though the sex offender registry is a positive tool in the protection of society, the registry needs to be evaluated because sexual assault is not the only form of child abuse, non-violent offenders are on the registry, and children are nowRead MoreThe Profiling Of Sex Offenders2652 Words   |  11 PagesSex Offenders Brittany Pegram CJUS 340-D05 Criminology Professor Ryan Sharp â€Æ' Abstract In this paper I will discuss the typical profiling of sex offenders and how one cannot simply point them out in a crowd. I will discuss why sex offenders do not stand out from â€Å"normal† people. I will discuss a little bit of why these people do the things they do and what kind of cure there is for these crimes, if any. It is important to know why we cannot assume one is bad news, such as a sex offender and to findRead MoreJuvenile Sex Offenders6865 Words   |  28 PagesJuvenile sex offenders are frequently treated in the same manner as their adult counterparts with regards to punishment and sex offender registering. â€Å"Nationally, juvenile sex offenders make up 20% of all individuals charged with sexual offenses (McGinnis, 2006).† Placing a sex offender label on a juvenile may unjustifiably put restrictions on his or her opportunities in adulthood so it is for this reason that cases involving juvenile sex offenders should be prosecuted cautiously. The term â⠂¬Å"sex offender†Read MoreThe Portrayal Of Sex Offenders1781 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Sexual offenders are subject to a particularly devastating stigma and, consequently, classified as their own particular form of criminal. The nature of the offence tends to elicit extreme emotional responses and stand out as being especially egregious due to the potential for extreme emotional and psychological suffering in victims and the harm being most often directed towards vulnerable members of the population. The portrayal of sex offenders in the media also tends to create distorted

The Crucible The Crucible and Inherit the Wind Essay Example For Students

The Crucible The Crucible and Inherit the Wind Essay Both Cates, in Inherit the Wind by Lee and Lawrence, and Procter, in The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, are both subjected to unjust laws. Both demonstrated that , if the law is of such a nature that it requires one to be an agent of injustice toward another, then I say break the law, as stated by Henry David Thoreau. When a law is put into effect that will convict a person who is a free thinker then it is a unjust law. One might as well break it because if no one stands up for the principle then than law will stay in effect until adverted again. In The Crucible, John Proctor, a farmer and village commoner, stood up for his principles. He had committed adultery and had absolutely no intentions of joining in the witch trials unless his pregnant wife were to also get involved. After his wife was accused of being a witch, he decides that he cannot accept the lie or the law any longer. Proctor is a good and noble man and because of this he believes at first he cant be hanged and die a martyr when he has this sin blooming over him every waking moment. John later says to Elizabeth that My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man. Nothings spoiled by giving them this lie that were not rotten long before(136) and rather confess then die for something he flat out did not do. However, as John confesses, he decides that he can not allow Danforth to make it officially documented. As Danforth asks him why John answers with a cry because it is my name. Because I cannot have another in my life . . . How may I live without my name? Have given you my soul; leave me my name(143). John feels strongly about having a good name and not dying with a bad one. Proctor weighs both sides of his internal conflict and realizes that he must not make another mistake. He therefore, prescribes himself to death, not for his own sake, but rather for the sake of the others. As John dies, Elizabeth weeps saying He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it away(145). In Inherit the Wind, Cates taught his high school students about Charles Darwins evolutionary theory. The law stated that Creationism was the only theory that could be taught. He was imprisoned for breaking that law. Cates belief in Evolution challenged the towns belief in Genesis. The Evolutionary theory had already been accepted by the rest of the world. Cates risked his job to extend the knowledge to the closed community. He never backed down to others beliefs, not even his fiances. Though given the opportunity to back out of the whole ordeal, he never once flinched. Cates maintained his convictions even though he lost his job and the respect of the community. Though unpopular, he kept true to his principles. Throughout history people have had to fight for their beliefs. They have also fought against unjust laws and will continue into the coming millennium. Both of them had to face unjust laws, even though one lost his life, they fought for their principles.

Moral Or Immoral Essays - Social Philosophy, Community Organizing

Moral Or Immoral In Martin Luther King Jr.s essay, A Letter from Birmingham Jail he compares the issues of Moral acts verses Immoral acts. This essay was written in response to a letter some clergymen had written after a direct action march Dr. King had participated in. In their letter the clergymen had praised the local police officers and media for the nonviolent and calm manner in which the situation was handled. It was this praise that prompted Dr King to write: I have tried to make clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends. But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong or perhaps even more so, to use moral means to preserve immoral ends. The beginning of this statement refers to the idea of using violence to get the result that you feel you deserve. The second part to this statement refers to doing the right thing to ensure that an injustice will prevail. It is this issue of moral verses immoral that Doctor King bases. The first example of the morality issue Dr. King raises is a just law, verses an unjust law. In his essay Dr King describes to his readers the difference between the two. A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law. Here Doctor King is defending his belief that there is a moral issue in some laws. He defends his statement by giving an example of Germany during the Nazi rule. King discusses what Hitler had done to the Jews in Nazi Germany and adds that at the time, this was legal. It was also illegal to help a Jew and those who did were considered lawbreakers. This is a perfect example of where a law had existed that was immoral. King also struggles with the issues of laws he believes are moral, however they have immoral consequences. For example, King states, For instance, I have been arrested on a charge of parading without a permit. Dr. King believes this is fair and that the law against parading without a permit is just. However as King continues to discuss his argument he seems to believe that the law is immoral when it is used to maintain segregation and to deny citizens the First Amendment privilege of peaceful assembly and protest. Here King describes the struggle between his desires to obey the law, while expressing his need to openly protest those laws in which he views as morally unjust. The final moral issue Dr. King confronts is the issue of segregation. He remarks in his essay, I can urge men to obey the 1954 decision of the Supreme Court, for it is morally right; and I can urge them to disobey segregation ordinances, for they are morally wrong. Here is a perfect example of Kings struggle with laws and their relevance to morality. On one hand King supports the Supreme Courts decision to desegregate the schools because it is morally correct. On the other hand he would urge people to disobey segregation ordinances because desegregation in schools is only half the battle. Dr. King argues his position on segregation with the following segregation is not only politically, economically, and sociologically unsound, it is morally wrong and sinful. Here King argues that although the Supreme Court ruling was a small step towards desegregation it does not eliminate the entire issue. Therefore he cannot urge his followers to support the immoral laws of segregation. Throughout his essay Dr. King raises the moral issues of what he was facing when he helped organize the direct action march. It was his morality that helped to make Dr Martin Luther King Jr. a great pioneer for his people. He had fought hard to defend the moral laws and even harder to change the immoral ones. American History

Coagulation Definition (Chemistry and Biology)

Coagulation Definition (Chemistry and Biology) Coagulation is a gelling or clumping of particles, typically in a colloid. The term typically applies to the thickening of a liquid or sol, usually when protein molecules cross-link. When coagulation or clotting occurs in blood, it proceeds immediately after blood vessel damage. Two processes occur. Platelets change and the subendothelian tissue factor is exposed to plasma Factor VII, which ultimately forms fibrin. Primary hemostasis occurs when platelets plug the injury. Secondary hemostasis occrs as clotting factors strengthen the platelet plug with fibrin factors. Also Known As: coagulate, coagulating, clotting Examples of Coagulation Milk proteins coagulate to thicken the mixture that forms yogurt. Blood platelets coagulate blood to seal a wound. Pectin gels (coagulates) a jam. Gravy coagulates as it cools. Sources David Lillicrap; Nigel Key; Michael Makris; Denise OShaughnessy (2009). Practical Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1–5. ISBN 1-4051-8460-4.Pallister CJ, Watson MS (2010). Haematology. Scion Publishing. pp. 336–347. ISBN 1-904842-39-9.

TheIndonesianpatternofgenocide essays

TheIndonesianpatternofgenocide essays The guidelines for genocide have been set. All the rules that clarify exactly what constitutes the act the crime of genocide have also been set forth. The U.N has even made the act of genocide a crime, punishable by death or life in prison. But, with that being said, the act of genocide and severe human rights violations still occur in todays complex and violent world. This is no more apparent than in East Timor. Timor is an island nation located at the southeastern end of the Indonesian archipelago. No larger than the state of Connecticut in the U.S.A. it has over 700,000 people. Just North of Australia, the island was colonized by the Portuguese in 1520. Over the next two centuries both the Dutch and the Portuguese claimed the island as their own. Eventually the island was divided with the Dutch taking the Western half and Portugal taking the Eastern half. East Timor remained a colony of Portugal for over four centuries until 1974. The population of East Timor as of 1975 was just under 700,000 people. Of that, 97% were natives of the island, while the Chinese made up 2% and the Portuguese made up the rest of the population. The island has a mountain range that runs through the middle that dominates the landscape. Most of the native peoples live in isolated villages. The main occupation is farming with some small coastal fishing villages scattered about. The Chinese run most of the trading outposts on the island. Christianity, specifically Roman Catholicism, is the major religion on East Timor, while the rest of Indonesia is strictly Islamic. As I will point out later, the difference in religion will play a significant role in some of the atrocities committed by the pro-Indonesian militias. The natives of Timor have experienced many episodes of conquest that included some form or other of genocide. The first occurred when the Portuguese originally colonized the island. The Portuguese were especiall...

History and Development of Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History and Development of Corrections - Essay Example According to Ignatieff (1978), when U.S. attained independence from England in 1776, The Britons did not have a foreign protectorate where they could imprison people without costing a lot of money. Hence, the convict system started in 1776 as a backslash to the loss of American protectorates. It was essential to find an intermediate punishment, incorporating correction of the body and mind. Publication of The State of Prison in England and Wales- a book written by John Howard- in 1776 offered a significant information on the conditions of prisons and the prisoners contained there (Ignatieff, 1978). The public’s concentration turned towards the penal condition in England after reading this book. Howard had stumbled upon something that was significant in the eyes of public. In the 18thC, there were two types of prisons: the house of correction and the jail. The 18thC’s jail was almost similar to the one in the late 20thC. Furthermore, it also housed people waiting for tri al. This group of people included those who could not afford bail and those sentenced for a short period (Barnes, 1972). The prisons or jails were used mainly for the detention of those accused of crime awaiting their trial and for the imprisonment of debtors and religious political offenders. A true account is that they were hardly ever used for the imprisonment of the criminal classes. Semple (1993) asserts that a health reformer called Jeremy Bentham stepped into the prison debate using Howard’s work as a basis. He had concluded that there were three kinds of prisons. His concepts had developed upon what was initially thought of as the status quo. These three kinds of prisons included the Black Prison, the House of Safe Custody, and the Penitentiary House. The House of Safe Custody was similar to an 18thC jail (Semple, 1993). Bentham believed that its main function was to house those waiting for trial and debtors. Nevertheless, the difference between the two was that, unli ke a jail, the House of Safe Custody did not imprison people sentenced for a short period. Penitentiary House was the second prison. It was a step above the House of Safe Custody. This is where temporary incarceration took place. In order to differentiate roles of the jail, these roles were divided between the Penitentiary House and the House of Safe Custody (Semple, 1993). The last type of prisons established by Bentham was the Black Prison. This prison provided longer stays compared to the Penitentiary House (Semple, 1993). In the Black Prison, two skeletons were to lie together either side of an iron door so as to strike terror into the hearts of the inmates since it reminded them that they were certainly a house of death from which there was no escape. According to Pollock (2005), there were several alterations made within the convict system in England shortly after Bentham published his concepts of what a prison must be. The first, main change was the silent system’s tri al period in 1834. The silent system offered slightly more liberty to prisoners, but any form of communication was totally prohibited. Prisoners were not imprisoned to cells though they worked together on different outside projects (Pollock, 2005). A harsh punishment would be issued in the event that the silence was broken. This system finally paved way for the popular separate system. The introduction of the separate system was the second significant change. The separate system